Which of the following was an early approach to federalism in which the national government and state governments had powers over separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution, and operated independently within their separate arenas of authority?

Dual federalism

Explanation:

Dual federalism is a type of federalism in which the national government and state government had separate grants of power, act within their separate spheres, derived from the specifications of the constitution and rarely interact. This system of federalism is also referred to as layered cake federalism.

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