What is a major difference between norm-referenced reliability and validity and criterion-referenced reliability and validity?

Criterion-referenced liability compare a person’s knowledge or skills against a predetermined standard, learning goal, performance level, or other criterion. With criterion-referenced tests, each person’s performance is compared directly to the standard, without considering how other students perform on the test. Criterion-referenced tests often use “cut scores” to place students into categories such as “basic,” “proficient,” and “advanced.”

while the

Norm-referenced measures compare a person’s knowledge or skills to the knowledge or skills of the norm group. The composition of the norm group depends on the assessment. For student assessments, the norm group is often a nationally representative sample of several thousand students in the same grade (and sometimes, at the same point in the school year).

b) trade is easy because of the direct line between their major ports. bilateral trade reached 89,6 thousand million.

the answer is a. monarch