As a population approaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the -shaped curve of its exponential growth is converted to a(n) -shaped curve of logistic growth that fluctuates around a certain level.

1. J-shaped curve 2. S-shaped curve.

Explanation:

In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual) growth rate remains the same irrespective of population size, allowing the population grow faster and faster as it increases.

Populations may grow exponentially for some period in nature, but they will mainly be limited by the availability of resources.

In logistic growth, a population's per capita growth rate tends to get smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources available in the environment which is referred to as the carrying capacity (K).

Exponential growth produces a J-shaped curve, while logistic growth produces an S-shaped curve.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.