A teacher wanted to increase class participation, so she positively reinforced students who asked questions by giving them nickels. After a few days, students had stacks of nickels on their desks and were asking far too many questions. To reduce question asking, the teacher could remove a nickel whenever students asked a question, a process known as . Or, she could simply stop giving students nickels when they asked questions, a process known as .

What statement about risks in social and behavioral sciences research is most accurate: anonymizing data effectively manages the risk of creating emotional distress.risks are specific to time, situation, and culture.there are never any risks.if a study offers potential benefits, it is not necessary to minimize risks.

What are the most populous and least areas of russia and why are some areas more heavily populated than others

In writing about her findings in a brazilian shantytown, nancy scheper-hughes’s account of alto do cruzeiro provides a window into the terrible toll of nonconsensual organ harvesting among the poor, as well as how she herself changed over time. how might an anthropologist justify the publication of this ethnographic research when considering the problem of ethnographic authority? a. all of the poor must be given an equal voice, thus polyvocality is justification. b. anthropologists are themselves changed in fieldwork, and so honest reflexivity is justification. c. the horrific conditions made it impossible to ignore, and since she obtained informed consent, this is justification. d. authoritative writing asks us to consider what right we have to report, thus a moral challenge is justification.