The assigned reading material tells the story of Rodney and his sister Margie. Margie learned to avoid a hot stove by watching the pain her older brother experienced when he touched a hot stove. Rodney's behavior change (i. e., avoiding the hot stove) was due to the punisher involved. Margie did not experience the punisher but she learned to avoid the hot stove, nonetheless. This type of learning is directly based on the principles of

Observational learning.

Explanation:Observational learning,bis a type of learning that occurs when we observe others and imitate or not imitate their behavior in the future depending on the outcome of that behavior.

Children mostly learn by observing their model , a person whom they look up to ,that can be their parents ,teachers or even their peers. The likelihood of imitating the observed behavior is dependent on whether that behavior was punished or rewarded. If a child observe a behavior and see that the behavior is rewarded they are likely to imitate that behavior, in order to receive the same reward. However, if the behavior was punished they are likely not to imitate the same behavior in order to avoid the same consequences.

well, paralell is parallel. i am providing links to .

hope this !

a series circuit is one with all the loads in a row. there is only one path for the electricity to flow. if this circuit was a string of light bulbs, and one blew out, the remaining bulbs would turn off.

unlike in series circuits, a charge in a parallel circuit encounters a single voltage drop during its path through the external circuit. the current through a given branch can be predicted using the ohm's law equation and the voltage drop across the resistor and the resistance of the resistor.

a parallel circuit has certain characteristics and basic rules: a parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.