When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:

A. the McGurk effect
B. sensory adaptation
C. the volley principle
D. a placebo effect
E. accommodation

The answer is D. a placebo effect.

Explanation:

Placebos can be described as "fake" medication or treatment which intends to appear as real. Hence, the placebo effect occurs when a person affirms that he was a affected in any particular way, while there was no reason for that to happen.

For example: a person is asked to take a cup of "very high-caffeine coffee" and describe his symtpoms. The person then states that he feels very alarmed, and that his heart is racing. If at the end it's revealed that it was actually decaf coffee, it's likely the person was under the placebo effect.

did mary wollstonecraft believe was a natural ingredient for women’s happiness?

so you should go with

a. strong

answer; (b) ; /stronger bonds between the nations of africa