Rebecca is conducting a study in which she is measuring the level of cortisol (a hormone that denotes a stress response in the body) in participants after they complete a difficult task. In this case, a reading of zero would mean no cortisol:.a. physiologicalb. ratioc. quantitatived. operational

Option A

Explanation:

Physiological is right because ,there are no percentages, figures to explain the ratio or quantitative analysis of the research she is conducting, the research does not show that a percentage or number people completed the difficult task so it is not logical to say it is ratio when it is reading zero, because there is no total number of participant, also it is not quantitative because she was not looking at the ratio between one set of people over the other and lastly not operational because it doesn't say people don't have . ot only reads zero Based on one aspect of the test, the question does not stated the full study of the research. So therefore option A is the right answer.

i'll just take the points xd

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.