The levels-of-processing model proposed by craik and lockhart (1972) has been criticized because it is impossible to determine how deeply a memory has been processed. thus, there is no way to truly and scientifically prove or disprove the theory. this should remind you of which principle of critical thinking noted in your text? a) falsifiabilityb) ruling out rival hypothesesc) correlation vs. causationd) extraordinary claims

A). Falsifiability.

Explanation:

As per the question, the 'falsifiability' principal of critical thinking has been reflected here as it shows the falsifiable aspect of a statement/proposition in case a specific observation displays it to be false. Therefore, the criticism of the proposition of levels-of-processing model by Craik and Lockhart mirrors the 'falsifiable aspect' of the hypothesis(through the observation) which leads to the conclusion that 'there is no way to truly and scientifically prove or disprove the theory'. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.