Four-month-old Vinnie tends to be a cranky baby. When he is brought into a new situation, he tends to pull back and almost scowl, which makes his mother laugh because he's just like his father. Vinnie's temperament would be categorized as .

The answer is difficult temperament.

Explanation:

Difficult temperaments, as described by psychologists Thomas and Chess, are characterised by negative moods, reluctance to experience new situations and extreme reactions. This means they cry very often, they have difficulty falling asleep and they will resist any attempt at soothing them.

Children with difficult temperaments can be hard to raise. However, studies claim that the best way to deal with them is to stay calm and responsive.

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