. The United States Congress and the President together have the power to enact federal law. Federal bureaucratic
agencies have the responsibility to execute federal law. However, in the carrying out of these laws, federal agencies
have policy-making discretion.
(a) Explain two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy-making discretion in executing federal law.
(b) Choose one of the bureaucratic agencies listed below. Identify the policy area over which it exercises policymaking discretion AND give one specific example of how it exercises that discretion.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
• Federal Reserve Board
(c) Describe two ways in which Congress ensures that federal agencies follow legislative intent.