What are the distinct strategies that chaparral organisms use to cope with stand-replacing fires, and how do these strategies shape post-fire recovery and succession in chaparral ecosystems

Avoidance Strategies, Retreat

Explanation:

There are numerous animals in the chapparal biome. Every now and then, a stand-replacing fire occurs and burns away all the upper vegetation and canopy. Here are a selected few animals and how they manage to survive after these fires:

Acorn woodpeckers : fly away and nest elsewhere until they are ready to return to the chaparral.

Jack rabbits : Burrow into the ground and remain there until the danger has passes

Mule deer , Coyotes  and elks: Take cover in small streams, rivers or lakes until the danger of the fire has passed

Horned toads : Retreat to water or muddy areas where they will not be consumed by fire

Ladybugs  and Honeybees: Retreat and find other places to swarm until the habitat is suitable for life again

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.

its tr3way you already know