Art is trying to train his dog to do a trick. First, he gives his dog a treat for paying attention. Next, he gives his dog a treat for beginning the trick. Each time the dog gets closer to performing the trick, Art gives him a treat. Rewarding successive approximations toward behavior is known as:

Shaping

Explanation:

Shaping is used to analyze a behavior experimentally. It is a conditioning paradigm or a procedure used to reinforce a behavior or a target, which is referred to as successive approximations.  B. F. Skinner  introduced shaping and he first used it on pigeons and later progressed to dogs, humans and other organisms.

During shaping, successive trials of existing response is changed gradually, this is to ensure the behavior that is desired is reinforced.

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