3. What geographer first came up with the term Megalopolis, and how have geographers used this concept to understand urban patterns in the Atlantic Northeast?

Jean Gottmann

Explanation:

Jean Gottmann was known to be a French geographer that lived within 1915-1994. He known to be the first geographer to make use of the term Megalopolis.

Megalopolis is a term that is simply used to describe the formation of an urban complex or region through the making up of group of towns. For example, New York and Washington DC, along with their suburbs are regarded as megalopolis.

In conclusion, megalopolis is used in describing how major cities in the region have become one large metropolitan area.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.