While humans try to make rational and logical decisions, we are prevented from doing so by our cognitive limitations that limit the quality and quantity of information available to us. This limitation is called:. a. cognitive load b. heuristics c. overconfidence d. bounded rationality

bounded rationality

Explanation:

When decisions are constrained by time and costs, or when information available is partly accessible or incomplete, then bounded rationality limits our decision making. Even in conditions when we would think that we are acting on behalf of reason, there will be always some constraints that prevent us from being rational.

The decision makes that work in small and big organizations are aware of this and therefore they try to take into account the bounded rationality factors.

In this sense, managers will always pursue to play the more rational approach while taking decisions, and the use of computers and having the complete picture as well as the most information will somehow lessen the effect of bounded rationality, and despite it, a decision will always be human even if its aided with data served by a computer, as compared to a complete environment where only machines would operate in a cold-hearted and fully rational world.

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."