When Edgar was twelve, his family moved to a new neighborhood, where he made new friends on his block. Edgar's new friends liked to meet up after school and go to an abandoned building in the neighborhood, where they broke bottles, made holes in the walls, and drew graffiti. Over time, Edgar became recognized among his friends as a talented graffiti artist and expanded his efforts to new areas, despite getting caught by the police twice. Sociologists might attribute Edgar's deviance to: