As part of his recovery from his personal crisis, William James adopted philosopher and psychologist practice of repeating morally desirable actions (in James’s case, more optimistic thoughts) so that they become permanent and automatic .

Alexander Bain's

habits

Explanation:

Alexander Bain was a philosopher and educationalist in the areas of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform. Moreover, Bain was a significant figure in all of these areas, particularly those of philosophy and psychology. In this case, William James is trying to adopt some of the views of Alexander Bain, including his practice of repeating morally desirable actions until they become automatic thoughts.

if im not mistaken its a. collective emotional arousal

answer: b has a great day

explanation: