Gabriel and Jim were involved in a car accident and they both suffered a broken bone. Gabriel told Jim, "Hey at least we only broke a few bones-we could've died!" Jim's response to Gabriel was "Yes, but I'm now thinking about how I can be a better driver so that I never get in an accident again." Gabriel's statement reflects a(n) counterfactual and Jim's response reflects a(n) counterfactual.

downward counterfactual ;

upward counterfactual

Explanation:Counterfactual thoughts have been shown to produce negative emotions, however they may also produce functional or beneficial effects.

downward counterfactual are Ideas that create a more negative outcome.

upward counterfactual are thoughts that create a more positive outcome.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.

answer; in small towns;