Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that, because the poor are excluded from mainstream social life, they develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals. This makes it much less likely that they will ever join the middle class. What is this way of life usually called?

The culture of poverty

Explanation:

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that, because the poor are excluded from mainstream social life, they develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals. This makes it much less likely that they will ever join the middle class. What is this way of life usually called the culture of poverty.

Oscar Lewis coined the culture of poverty in 1961 to explain why people are poor, this theory states that living in conditions of  poverty will lead to development of a culture attitude, belief, value adapted to those conditions and that  this culture of poverty would tend to perpetuate itself over time, even if the economic conditions that originally gave rise to it were to change.

dude you should crop your image so only the question shows. but   can you explain it better

  a) written constitution. also known as magna carta and a necessity of the democracies that form federations to regulate the principles by which the government will be governed, because if they had to act without a body of specific laws would produce confrontations.

b) territorial division. federalism is constituted by the division of powers on the geographical basis of each territory.

c) decentralization. in a federal system there is both a central government and units of government lower than the central one, each making decisions regarding the provision of certain public services in their respective geographical jurisdictions.

d) supreme court of justice. to counteract the rigidity of the written constitution, judicial action is required to interpret said constitution and necessary changes can be made.