Francesca does a pretty good job of completing spelling problems but does much better if she is given direction by her teacher. The difference between what Francesca can do alone and with assistance is best defined in terms of her
a. orienting response.
b. animism.
c. one-to-one principle.
d. zone of proximal development

d. zone of proximal development

Explanation:

Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that the zone of proximal development. This is a concept that was created by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky to describe the difference between what an individual can do without help and what he or she can do with the help of an instructor.

answer; shared meaning;

answer; clear and present danger test;