Which on of the following best describes the meaning of "doctrine"? Group of answer choices A tentative explanation of the relationship among certain phenomena. The explanation of cultural and natural phenomena that is supported by reliable data. A theory. An assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable.

The correct answer is An assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable.

Explanation:

Doctrine is the set of teachings, political or religious that is based on a belief system. These are the principles that exist about a given issue, usually with the aim of making it universal.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.