During the study discussed in the passage, different sized circles were displayed before a shock was delivered to the participants. The shock and the resulting fear are examples of which aspects of classical conditioning, respectively?
Unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response

The shock is an unconditioned stimulus because it triggers a naturally- occurring response, and the fear is an unconditioned response that naturally occurs when presented with a shock.

Dr. redbull conducts a study to determine whether her new energy drink children perform better on spelling tests. she randomly assigns children to one of two groups: group 1 receives her energy drink and group 2 receives water. she then gives both groups a spelling test and compares the results. which of the following is true about this study? a. group 1 is the dependent variable and group 2 is the independent variable. b. this is a correlational study. c. group 2 is the experimental group. d. the independent variable is the type of drink the children receive.