In one study of 3- to 5-year-olds, children whose mothers worked a night shift (starting work at 9:00 P. M. or later) were compared with children whose mothers worked a regular day shift. The children of the night-shift workers exhibited more:

1. athletic skills.
2. cognitive delays.
3. aggressive behavior.
4. pre-reading skills.
5. aggressive behavior.

Peggy feels sorry for smokers who have lung cancer because she believes they were duped by tobacco companies to develop a deadly addiction and are therefore not responsible for their disease. when asked to donate money to support lung cancer research, peggy gives generously. peggy’s prosocial behavior can best be explained by the arousal: cost-reward model. the negative state relief model. a norm of equity. attributions of responsibility.