Fallon is afraid of loud sounds, like thunder. She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder. Thus, when Fallon sees lightning, she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later. Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as.

The correct answer is classical conditioning

Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural stimulus.

Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a great influence on behavioral psychology, a systematic approach to psychology that emerged in the 19th century and that assumes that many behaviors are the product of an association, reflexes produced by a conditioned response to certain stimuli. This association, moreover, is a consequence of that person's history.

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, along with John B Watson, is the greatest exponent of classical conditioning, one of the key processes of behavioral psychology and behaviorism, along with operant and instrumental conditioning.

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