Voters may not think much of parties, but large majorities still admit to party preferences and use parties to guide their voting decisions because:.
a. there is a residual irrational loyalty to parties that has outlived the usefulness of the party label.
b. party labels still provide the cheap, shorthand cue so useful to less-informed voters.
c. third-party candidates have unclear messages and ill-defined goals.
d. they have no real choice but to do so.

Which factor contributed to the rise of african empires such as ghana and mali?

Aresearcher conducting behavioral research collects individually identifiable sensitive information about illicit drug use and other illegal behaviors by surveying college students. one of the subjects is in an automobile accident two weeks after participating in the research study. is this an example of an unanticipated problem that requires reporting to the irb? yes, this must be reported because it was not listed as a risk of study participation in the consent form (was unexpected) and the subject experienced harm.yes, this must be reported because it involved a subject in a research study and it’s up to the irb to determine if it was related to participation.no, this does not need to be reported because it was assessed by the researcher as unrelated to the research study.no, this does not need to be reported to the irb since the researcher reported it to the sponsor of the study.

Open opinion / / / if a juvenile committed murder, should the juvenile be in prison for life or be free and seek instead? which and why?