Jody asked her father to teach her how to drive. Her father had recently taken a class in behavior modification and reasoned that because driving was a novel behavior for Jody, she could be taught how to drive by a shaping procedure. What is the problem with this application of shaping?

The problem is that driving is a completely new behaviour to Jody

Explanation:

Shaping is a term that describes the process of learning or teaching a behavior or reinforcing a behaviour that are closely related to the target behavior; the behavior that the individual has chosen to learn.

However, in this case, driving is a completely new behavior to Jody, hence, shaping will not be appropriate teaching methods for her, as she has not learned a behavior similar  or targeted to driving before.

the actual answers are a, b, and d.

answer; by working independently, the states have a high likelihood of developing innovative solutions that can be employed in other states;