4. What tactics are used to disenfranchise black voters?

Voter disenfranchisement tactics used against black voters have began to adopt explicit literacy tests to disenfranchise voters.

Explanation: I hope I can help you

"social stratification refers to the way people are ranked and ordered in society. in western societies, stratification is primarily seen and understood as a result of socioeconomic status, which produces a hierarchy in which access to resources, and possession of them, increases from the lower to the upper strata"