Roland was hiking in the Alaskan wilderness when he suddenly encountered a mother grizzly bear and her cubs. He rapidly engaged in to determine whether the bear was a threat. He then engaged in , during which he considered whether he could run away fast enough to escape being caught by the bears.

a primary appraisal, a secondary appraisal

Explanation:

Roland was hiking in the Alaskan wilderness when he suddenly encountered a mother grizzly bear and her cubs. He rapidly engaged in a primary appraisal to determine whether the bear was a threat. He then engaged in a secondary appraisal, during which he considered whether he could run away fast enough to escape being caught by the bears.

PRIMARY APPRAISAL and then SECONDARY APPRAISAL

Explanation:

Primary appraisal is the cognitive process that takes place or a person engages in during which the individual starts weighing, permutating, and evaluating whether or not an event is stressful and relevant to him. Whenever primary appraisal is in occurrence, the person starts considering whether something or someone or an activity presents a challenge or threat. When it comes to stress appraisal, challenge is seen as occasion that presents an individual with a chance to face the dilemma squarely and defeat it.

Second appraisal is the cognitive process which takes place when an individual or a person is studying, calculating and working on the best approach, manner or way to handle an event that may be considered as stressful. In this situation, the individual who is faced with a dilemma then compares, contrasts and evaluates his or her options and alternatives.

Events that are considered as threatening most times offer the individual a little bit of time to acquire more information; whereas an event that is considered harmful may need one to instantly consider his or her coping alternatives.

Now, with respect to Roland who bumped into bears; he first engaged in primary appraisal during which he considered, determined or figured out if the bears actually constituted a harm, challenge or threat. After the cognitive evaluation, he later engaged in secondary appraisal during which he considered the best option or alternative to tackle the situation that he is confronted with.

the correct answer is modern american cars are not available due to trade restrictions.

trade between cuba and the united states have serious restrictions. the u.s. imposed an economic embargo on cuba, that among other things means that modern american cars are not available due to trade restrictions.

in response to some governmental actions of the authorities from cuba, president john f. kennedy proclaimed an embargo on trade between both countries in february 1962. the trade embargo remains active until this day and was implemented directly by the departments of commerce and the department of treasury.

in president trump’s administration, there is a national security presidential memorandum that "strengthens the policy of the u. s.", affecting trade with cuba.