A black man and a white man with equal IQ scores are told that the test they are about to take will directly measure their intelligence. If becomes a factor for the black man, he is likely to do on the test than the white man will.

stereotype test; worse                                

Explanation:

Stereotype: In psychology, the term "stereotype" is determined as any thought of an individual that is being widely adopted by him or her related to particular types of persons or else specific ways of possessing attitude or behaving that is being intended to constitute an entire group of the given persons or their behavior as a "whole".

Any test which is related to describing the stereotype aspect of an individual or a group displays stereotype threat.

In the question above, the given question represents the stereotype threat and if it becomes a factor then black men would do worse on the test than white men.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.