A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity.

diffusion
reformulation
internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction

Positive sanction

Explanation:

An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior is a positive sanction. A negative sanction is a punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity. ... A formal sanction is a reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a school or government.

answer; a cost benefit analysis;

answer; engram;