According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that people value their freedom and uniqueness and react negatively when it is taken from them. the desire to be right is one of the strongest human motives. even ordinary people, who are not particularly hostile, can become agents of destruction. people are naturally inclined to be hostile and aggressive.

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that even ordinary people, who are not particularly hostile, can become agents of destruction (letter c).

Explanation:

Milgram conducted a study about obedience that is now quite controversial, since participants were deceived and possibly psychologically harmed. Milgram recruited a group of male adults to administer an electric shock to a person who was strapped to a chair in a different room every time that person made a mistake. The shocks weren't real, and the person in the chair was in on the study, but participants were not aware of those facts. They kept on electrocuting that person, obeying an actor who was in the same room with them, and who gave them orders such as, "You must continue". Most of the participants obeyed to the point where they would have killed the person in the chair if the shocks were real. These were ordinary people, not particularly hostile, but who nevertheless became agents of destruction due to their obedience. That is, according to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from the study.

barack obama he actually listens

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.