The concept that individuals with issues relating to impaired cognitive understanding should not be held culpable was used as early as the Roman Empire. Roman law classified those individuals to be non compos mentis, or:.

- Without mastery of mind.

Explanation:

As per the question, the Roman law categorized the individuals who possess issues associated with cognitive understanding as 'non compos mentis' or 'without mastery of the mind.' The term is employed to describe the persons with an 'unsound mind' as these people possess an impaired cognitive grasp. Thus, the Roman law declared that these people must not be held 'guilty'('culpable') as they are unable to think appropriately and clearly due to 'lack of sanity and control of their mind.' Thus, the correct answer is 'without mastery of the mind.'

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