Researchers told teachers that 20 percent of children who had taken an IQ test were "bloomers" who would soon reach their full intellectual potential, even though in reality those children were no different from the other children in the group. Later in the year, when these "bloomer" children were tested, they scored four points higher than the rest of the group. This outcome is an example of .

expectancy effects                      

Explanation:

Expectancy effects: In psychology or scientific research, the term "expectancy effect" is described as a type of reactivity that generally occurs when a "research participants or subjects tend to expect a specific result and therefore they unconsciously influence or affects the outcome and hence report the result that is being expected.

In the question above, the given statement signifies the 'expectancy effects'.

it should be c, women were allowed to vote in all states because federal law supersedes state law.

"states can make their own laws, as long as they don't contradict what the federal law states. the states do not have the authority to pass a law that negates a federal law." -google

they encountered severe weather for which they were poorly prepared.