Janie, who is 3 years old, is pretending to write. Her mother asks her to write the word "birds" on a red piece of paper and then the word "squirrel" on a blue piece of paper. It is MOST likely that both papers will have some , and .

Francine, a college freshman, has agreed to participate in a psychology research study. before she begins her participation, she reads a statement written by the researcher explaining the purpose of the research and the potential risks of participation. it also explains that francine is free to withdraw from the research at any time. in providing francine with this statement, the researcher has followed the ethical guidelines of for participants.