In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of

a. elitism.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. genocide.
d. ethnocide.

b.ethnocentrism.                                              

Explanation:

Ethnocentrism is a term that is being determined as an individual's belief that the customs, norms, traditions, values, and ideology of his or her subculture or culture are considered as superior to that of the characters of some other cultural setting. In other words, it is described as a process through which a person feels that his or her culture is the correct way of 'living'. Ethnocentrism was proposed by William Graham Sumner during 1906.

As per the question, the correct answer is ethnocentrism.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.

in about winter like late november to january