Dr. Jayesimi is conducting research with rats. She surgically damages a rat’s temporal lobe to see what functions will be impaired when the rat wakes up. This damage, called a(n) , helps us understand the functioning of different brain structures.

Lesion

Explanation:

Lesion is the part in the tissue region or organ that has experienced some kind of injury or damage or disease .This abnormal change can be due to diseases such as tumor,trauma etc.

According to the question,Dr.Jayesimi has surgically injured temporal lobe of rat's brain tat is known as lesion in er experiment because she wants to test the injured lobes functioning of brain in the rat.  

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answer; collectivism;