Lillian is cramming for her Latin exam. She must memorize vocabulary for Chapters 3 through 7 in her textbook by tomorrow morning. Which of the following best describes her recall of Chapter 5’s vocabulary compared to her friend Deb, who studied each chapter on the individual night assigned?

a. Her recall of Chapter 5 will be essentially the same as Deb’s if their total amount of study time is similar.
b. Her recall of Chapter 5 will be worse than Deb’s because of proactive and retroactive interference.
c. Her recall of Chapter 5 will be better than Deb’s because of proactive interference.
d. Her recall of Chapter 5 will be worse than Deb’s because of retroactive interference only.