In a classic experiment, Elizabeth Loftus asked two groups of observers how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled:

Misinformation effect

Explanation:

Misinformation effect is the concept in which episodic memory recollection becomes less precise due to post event information. Original event memory gets disturbed through post event memory tat leads to creation of incorrect memories or false memories.

According to question,misinformation effect is depicted as fictitious information created after car accident event is filmed.As smashing word is creating a information of glass breaking in accident whereas people who do not hear smashing has no such false scenario.

it teaches readers about an interesting chinese custom and causes them to determine that the minister is trying to be polite

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.