Ivan Pavlov's experiments demonstrated how learning can be studied objectively. exhibited the central principles of operant conditioning. revealed how biological predispositions affect learning. showed that cognition is important to learning. illustrated how the law of effect can be applied to conditioning.

Aresearcher is studying women recently admitted to a state prison. all potential subjects must have children under the age of five. research subjects will be given a basket of toys to use at their children’s first visit that the children can then take home. in assessing this proposal, the irb needs to determine that the toys are: age appropriate.not an excessive incentive.educational.of high quality.