Paul insists that the sight of guns always leads him to experience the same intense level of fear regardless of whether he is physically aroused or physically calm. Paul's reported experience is most consistent with

Cannon Bard theory

Explanation:

Cannon Bard theory is the concept that describes that emotions felt by a person is linked along with physiological reactions .These reactions can be sweating,trembling, scared, tension in muscles etc.Thus, emotional and arousal phase occur at same time.

According to the question, Paul is stating about Cannon Bard concept as gun's sight can make a person tremble with fear .Fear gets induced with physiological reactions.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

the best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the question is the second choice "less supportive to the war of 1812"

the war of 1812 was a military conflict that lasted from june 1812 to february 1815, fought between the united states of america and the united kingdom, its north american colonies, and its native american allies.

i hope my answer has come to your . god bless and have a nice day ahead!