Fallon is afraid of loud sounds, like thunder. She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder. Thus, when Fallon sees lightning, she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later. Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as:

What factor contributed most to the beginning of the women’s rights movement in the united states during the mid 1800s? a dramatic increase in women’s participation in the workforce b a shift in social attitudes brought on by increased sectional tensions c the experience of gender discrimination within reform movements d the granting of voting rights to african american men