A research assistant in a lab conditions dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell. During conditioning, the assistant rings a bell and then presents the animal with food. After conditioning the dog to salivate to the bell, the bell is the stimulus and the food is the stimulus.

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A research assistant in a lab conditions dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell. During conditioning, the assistant rings a bell and then presents the animal with food. After conditioning the dog to salivate to the bell, the bell is the stimulus and the food is the stimulus.

a) unconditioned; neutral

b) neutral; conditioned

c) unconditioned; conditioned

d) conditioned; unconditioned

After conditioning the dog to salivate to the bell, the bell is the conditioned stimulus and the food is the unconditioned stimulus.

d) conditioned; unconditioned

Explanation:

Prior to conditioning, the bell was a neutral stimulus. That means it didn't really mean anything to the dogs; it didn't cause a response in them. During conditioning, the bell (neutral) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus: food. An unconditioned stimulus is something that causes a natural, automatic response. In the dogs, seeing food made them salivate. After ringing the bell while presenting the food several times, the research assistant gets the dogs conditioned. They learn to associate the sound of the bell with food and, even though food is no longer presented, they still salivate. We can say conditioning has happened. Food continues to be an unconditioned stimulus. The bell, however, is no longer a neutral stimulus. Since it can now cause the dogs to salivated, it has become a conditioned stimulus.

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moors is essentially another word for muslims.

the moors invaded spain around year 700, during their time ruling spain the muslims promoted religious tolerance (moors tolerated jews who were viewed as outcasts by northerners), the moors as well had a great impact on their language, and architecture (palaces were created).

i hope this !

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.