When Jean-Claude came back from skiing he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:

Functional Fixedness

Explanation:

Functional fixity is a herd mentality that prevents an individual from using an item except in the manner that it is usually used, it is an inability to see new uses for a common object.

Jean-Claude wanted to make coffee but because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea,Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS , he thinks paper towel is only meant for the normal traditional/standard purpose, he failed to recognize he can use it as a substitute for other purposes.

Functional Fixedness is a mental barrier against the use of an idea in a new way essential to solve a problem.

unless they converted, many non-christians (mainly jews and muslims) were persecuted