The reading shows a technique for cracking chaucer's text, which was encrypted using a basic substitution cipher. that technique, which takes advantage of the fact that certain characters or groups of characters occur more often than others and can be used to crack any substitution cipher, is called:

Frequency analysis

Explanation: When talking about frequency analysis, it basically refers to taking cognizance of how prominent something exist in terms of the number of times it occurs, distinguishing events in terms of their number of occurrence. The frequency analysis technique is used to study, but xamine or evaluate the how often a letter occurs in a ciphertext, it simply means counting the number of occuences of the alphabets of a ciphertext. This method is used to crack classical ciphers by taking advantage of the fact that some letters of the alphabet occurs more often than others.

nigger, that word was originated for white folks   to keep black people under

and when black people use it, they know that's just how they greet each other

and when white folks use it, they know there's a double meaning under