Heckhausen found in a study of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults that elderly people had fewer aspirations regarding work, finances, and family and more aspirations related to health, community, and leisure pursuits than young adults. These age-related shifts in aspirations illustrate:.a. increasing use of primary control strategies with age. b. increasing use of secondary control strategies with age. c. fewer needs for autonomy in old age. d. disenchantment.