De acordo com a sociologia de Karl Marx, o valor de troca de uma mercadoria, qualquer que seja, é determinado objetivamente pela resposta à pergunta “Qual o tempo médio necessário para a sua produção?”. Para o pensador, a equação que resulta no valor de troca de mercadorias é (A) valor de uso + preço + demanda. (B) matéria-prima + instrumentos e ferramentas + mão de obra. (C) oferta e procura + valor de uso + alienação. (D) consciência de classe + oferta e procura + raridade do produto. (E) trabalho + mérito + necessidade.

(C) oferta e procura + valor de uso + alienação

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.

muslims have taken his goods and products to different parts of asia an indonesia. sometimes just traveled and trade, but in other occasions, stayed in the place and made a living.

trade was the key for muslims economies to prosper. their commerce routes reached far places like malaysia and java in the 11th century.

another important factor for prosperity was that muslim states served as the middle point for european traders.

they used to travel by land but sailing the seas -the indian ocean- really increase the exportation of products.