Pre-Socratics or pre-Socratic philosophers were the earliest Western philosophers, active during the fifth and sixth centuries B. C.E. in ancient Greece. These philosophers tried to discover principles that could uniformly, consistently, and comprehensively explain all natural phenomena and the events in human life without resorting to mythology. They initiated a new method of explanation known as philosophy which has continued in use until the present day, and developed their thoughts primarily within the framework of cosmology and cosmogony. Socrates was a pivotal philosopher who shifted the central focus of philosophy from cosmology to ethics and morality. Prompt: Read the article on the Pre-Socratic Philosophers. How do some of the theories ("Immutable One", "Constant Flux", and "Atomism") of philosophers such as Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Leucippus respectively still have relevance in contemporary understandings of physics and our universe.