Passage A: Hume argued that we have no rational basis for believing in miracles. But think about all the many miracles of modern medicine that have improved human health and dramatically extended the average lifespan during this century! Hume was simply wrong.

Passage B:
Most people will tell you that it is important for kids to go to school. But those people are wrong. The dictionary defines "kid" as denoting young goats. Surely, it is a bad idea to fill our schools with goats!

Passage C:
This newspaper headline says, "Earliest chocolate use has been found in what is now U. S." But that can't be true: The cacao plant isn't native to North America, whereas it has been grown and harvested in Central and South America for nearly 2,000 years. Surely, the earliest use of chocolate occurred somewhere south of what is now the U. S.

Passage D:
Minneapolis is north of St. Louis, and New Orleans is south of St. Louis. Therefore, New Orleans is south of Minneapolis.

Passage E:
Police officers in this city swear an oath to "serve and protect" its citizens. Obviously, to "serve and protect" does not involve undue force or physical assault. So, the allegations that these police officers physically assaulted the defendant must be false.

Passage A, B,C, D,E: commit a fallacy. Specifically, it commit the fallacy of equivocation, and it commit the fallacy of amphiboly.

the united states constitution is the supreme law of the united states. the constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral congress; the executive, consisting of the president; and the judicial, consisting of the supreme court and other federal courts. articles four, five and six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. article seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen states to ratify it. it is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.

aa

explanation:

literally the answer is aa. not kidding. aa is a group.

question - in 1827, john walker, a druggist in a small english town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. the druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. it is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. although walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. it could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. in a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. the match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. it would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. this was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar. according the paragraph what was the benefit of the new phosphorus match? it burst into flame when rubbed on sandpaper. it was made by mixing chemicals. it could be ignited on any dry surface. it threw fire in all directions.

answer - matches required natural chemicals