According to the textbook, over the past four decades, we can trace a shift to elections, in which Americans view their choice as less between parties and more between individual candidates, based on personality, ideology, and appeal.

Candidate-centered

Explanation:

Candidate centered election is the process whereby candidates are selected for an office in governance or an organization. In this scenario, people are given the option to vote and be voted for. One if the advantage of this is that it promotes fairness if carried out well and it gives everyone an opportunity to have a feel about government.