Which BEST explains why the costs of some federal government programs may outweigh the perceived benefits? A Programs initiated at the federal level must be replicated at the state level. B Once legislated, the costs of programs are fixed except for national emergencies. C The government may have collected less in taxes than had been anticipated. D A program may have consequences that are more expensive than expected.

Mankiw attributes – chapter 1 and his 10 principles – differences in living standards within a countryover time and across countries at a moment in time to: a. the presence or absence of inflation and unemployment.b. the allocation of resources between private markets and the public sector.c. those that have dealt successfully with the efficiency v. equality tradeoff and those that haven’t.d. differences in productivity.e. ones that think at the margin and respond to incentives and those that don’t.