According to Glaukon in The Ring of the Gyles, people are naturally

egocentric.

Explanation:

The Ring of Gyges is a mythical artifact used by Plato in his book entitled 'Republic.' In the story, Glaucon recounts a myth of Gyges. In the myth, there was a shepherd named Gyges who found a ring which makes man invisible on a corpse of a man.

Using the invisibilty power of the ring, Gyges seduced the queen Lydia, made her murder her King, after which Gyges became the King. Through this myth, Glaucon wanted to convey that people are naturally egocentric.

Egocentric can be defined as a disability of overlooking others needs and desires. An egocentric person is self-centered, thinking all about just himself.  

Thus the correct answer is egocentric.

this is a pretty broad question and can be a pretty lengthy answer. since 1900, women have gained a lot more rights and have become active in the workforce. with women being in the workforce, men play a larger role in family life. many family tasks are shared between men and women, whereas, women used to be the sole family caretakers.

that should get you started at least.